Fakta australien klimat
Australien har ett tempererat klimat, men det varierar mycket beroende på landets storlek. De norra delstaterna är mer tropiska till klimatet, medan de södra delarna har kallare vintrar. Australien är även ett av världens regnfattigaste länder med ett snitt på under millimeter regn per år. Australia's climate is governed mostly by its size and by the hot, sinking air of the subtropical high pressure belt subtropical ridge or Australian High.
This moves north-west and north-east with the seasons. The climate is variable, with frequent droughts lasting several seasons, thought to be caused in part by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Australia has a wide variety of climates due to its large geographical size. The largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate and moderately fertile soil.
The northern part of the country has a tropical climate , varying between grasslands and desert. Australia holds many heat-related records: the continent has the hottest extended region year-round, the areas with the hottest summer climate, and the highest sunshine duration. Because Australia is a medium-sized continent, separated from polar regions by the Southern Ocean , it is not subject to movements of frigid polar air during winter, of the type that sweep over the continents in the northern hemisphere during their winter.
Consequently, Australia's winter is relatively mild, with less contrast between summer and winter temperatures than in the northern continents—though the transition is more dramatically marked in alpine regions of Australia and places of substantial elevation. Seasonal highs and lows can still be considerable. Minimum temperatures are moderated. The El Niño—Southern Oscillation is associated with seasonal abnormality in many areas in the world.
Australia is one of the continents most affected and experiences extensive droughts alongside considerable wet periods. Occasionally a dust storm will blanket a region and there are reports of the occasional tornado. Tropical cyclones, heat waves , bushfires and frosts in the country are also associated with the Southern Oscillation. Rising levels of salinity and desertification in some areas is ravaging the landscape.
Climate change in Australia is a highly contentious political issue. The lateth century warming has been largely attributed to the increased greenhouse effect. Because of its higher general elevation of over m 2, ft , southern latitude and entirely landlocked location, winters are exclusively cool to cold in the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra has warm to hot, dry summers with some thunderstorms. Many of the higher mountains to the territory's west are snow-covered for a large part of the winter and early spring.
Klimat och väder Australien
Severe thunderstorms can occur between October and March, and annual rainfall is mm 25 in , with rainfall highest in spring and summer, and lowest in winter. The region is dry throughout its entirety due to its position on the leeward side of the Brindabella Ranges. The highest temperature recorded in the ACT was Over half of New South Wales has an arid or semi-arid climate. The eastern portion has a temperate climate , ranging from humid subtropical from its northern border to the Central Coast and most of Sydney, and oceanic to the south coast.
The Snowy Mountains region in the south-east falls in the alpine climate or subpolar oceanic climate zone, with cool to cold weather all year around and regular heavy snowfalls in the winter and spring. Further inland, the climate is semi-arid and a desert climate towards the western part of the state. The weather in the southern half of the state is generally warm to hot in summer and cool in the winter.
The seasons are more defined in the southern half of the state, especially in the South West Slopes , Central West and the Riverina regions. On the coast and anywhere east of the dividing range, a summer rainfall peak is observed throughout its entire latitudinal span. On the ranges and farther inland, rainfall usually peaks in spring in most parts of the state; though the South West Slopes region, in the south-central part of the state bordering Victoria , has a distinct winter rainfall peak; whereas the New England and North West Slopes regions have a summer rainfall peak.
On a hot summer day, a southerly buster may at times moderate the extreme heat experienced in the coastal New South Wales region, from Port Macquarie southwards to Nowra. The warmest region by annual maxima is the Upper Western , where summers are extremely hot, but winters relatively cooler and dry. The weather in the northeast region of the state, or the North Coast , bordering Queensland , is moderately hot, humid and rainy in the summer, and mild in winter with more sunshine; and little seasonal temperature difference.
The Northern Tablelands have relatively milder summers and colder winters, due to their high elevation and inland location on the Great Dividing Range.
Australiens klimat: Bästa tiden att åka till Australien
The southeast coastal plain , which lies on the leeward side of the Great Dividing Range, experiences foehn winds , particularly between winter and spring, which can elevate fire danger. The coldest region is the Snowy Mountains where the snow and ice continues for a long period during the winter months. The Blue Mountains , Southern Tablelands and Central Tablelands , which are situated on the Great Dividing Range, have mild to warm summers and cold winters, although not as severe as those in the Snowy Mountains.
The highest maximum temperature recorded was This is also the lowest temperature recorded in the whole of Australia excluding Australian Antarctic Territory. Rainfall varies throughout the state. The far northwest receives the least, less than mm 7 in annually, while the east receives between and 1, mm 24 and 47 in of rain. The Northern Territory has two distinctive climate zones.